Howard
Hughes
Born Houston TX, in 1905. Died 1976
Howard R.
Hughes, Jr., one of America's most famous billionaires, was
also one of the world's most important aviation innovators.
One facet of his varied career revolved around his daring
flights in the 1930s when he set several new aviation
records. He also built one of the most important aviation
manufacturing companies in history and was a major player in
the growth and fortunes of Trans World Airlines. Through
most of his life, Hughes was involved in aviation in one
capacity or another but, of his many interests, flying was
his greatest passion.
Hughes was born in Houston,
Texas, in December 1905, to a wealthy family. Orphaned at
17, he dropped out of school to take control of the family
business--the Hughes Tool Company, which had made a fortune
thanks to a patent it held for a special oil-drilling bit.
Although Hughes maintained control of the company, he
quickly set out for Los Angeles to pursue two main goals--to
become a famous movie producer and the world's best pilot.
Hughes combined certain aspects
of his two dreams when he produced and directed the movie
Hell's Angels (1930), a romantic vision of World War I
aviators. The film took three years to make, cost $3.8
million to produce, and killed three pilots in the process.
It also received an Academy Award nomination for Best
Cinematography. During filming, Hughes had obtained his
pilots license. As he continued to produce and direct films
in the early 1930s, he also became quite an accomplished
pilot.
To support his aviation
ventures, Hughes created the Hughes Aircraft Company in
Glendale, California in 1932. The company consisted
initially of Hughes's own small team of designers and
mechanics. Their mission was to build him the best racing
planes in the world. The first aircraft they worked on and
remodelled was an Army Air Corps pursuit plane. Hughes
captured his first aviation prize in it at the All-American
Air Meet in Miami, Florida, on January 14, 1934, while
averaged 185 miles per hour (298 kilometres per hour) over a
20-mile (32-kilometer) racecourse.
Soon after, Hughes Aircraft
built its first internally designed airplane--the H-1 racer.
The H-1 was designed for speed, pure and simple; it was
streamlining at its very best. On September 13, 1935, Hughes
piloted the H-1 to a new speed record of 352 miles per hour
(566 kilometres per hour) at Martin Field, near Santa Ana,
California. The previous record was 314 miles per hour (515
kilometres per hour). Although Hughes had already achieved
the record after a few passes over the airfield, he kept
pushing, and the H-1 ran out of gas. Forced to make an
emergency landing in a nearby beet field, Hughes walked away
from the plane unharmed.
Unsatisfied with just one
record, Hughes started concentrating on establishing a new
transcontinental speed mark. High-altitude flight would be
the key to achieving a new record, and because the H-1 was
originally intended for only short flights at low altitudes,
Hughes began shopping for a new aircraft. Fellow aviator
Jackie Cochran, and a great racer in her own right, had the
plane he wanted--a Northrop Gamma. However, Cochran was
planning to use the Gamma in an upcoming Bendix Race, and
she wanted to establish her own transcontinental record. But
Hughes finally offered her enough money and she gave in.
After refitting the Gamma with a different engine, Hughes
took off from Burbank, California, on January 13, 1936, en
route to Newark, New Jersey, and a new cross-country record.
He made the flight in 9 hours, 27 minutes, 10 seconds, and
bettered Roscoe Turner's previous mark by 36 minutes. Within
two weeks, he had also set flight records from Miami to New
York, and from Chicago to Los Angeles.
A year later, Hughes,
disappointed that he had not beaten Turner's record by a
wider margin, had redesigned his H-1 so that it could handle
long distance flights at high altitudes. On January 18,
1937, he took off from Burbank in the H-1, which he had
renamed the "Winged Bullet," en route to Newark and another
record. Despite the fact that his oxygen mask failed, and he
almost blacked out, Hughes set a new mark of 7 hours, 28
minutes, 25 seconds. The achievement secured him the year's
Harmon International Trophy, for the world's most
outstanding aviator.
The
Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra made a record for circling
the globe -- in 3 days, 19 hours and 14 minutes with
eccentric millionaire Howard Hughes piloting. One thousand
police officers were on hand at New York's Floyd Bennett
Field to control the throngs of people who showed up to
greet Hughes.
Still
wanting more, Hughes decided to try to better his personal
hero Wiley Post's trans-global record. The aircraft he
selected for the flight was a Lockheed 14, a twin-engine
passenger plane. Hughes guided the aircraft off of Floyd
Bennett Field in Brooklyn, New York, on July 10, 1938. He
made Paris in 16 hours, 38 minutes, more than twice as fast
as Charles Lindbergh had flown 11 years earlier. Then, on
July 14, he and his four-man crew landed in New York in
front of 25,000 cheering people. His new record of 3 days, 9
hours, 17 minutes, shaved more than four days off Post's
previous record. Hughes received several honours including a
Congressional Medal, the Harmon International Trophy once
again, and a ticker-tape parade down Broadway. His
trans-global flight marked the end of his record-setting
days. In subsequent years, he would concentrate on designing
and manufacturing military aircraft and exercising control
of Trans World Airlines as its principal stockholder. His
most famous aircraft was the Spruce Goose, the largest plane
of all time, which made its one and only flight in 1947. He
has been forbidden to take off at Longbeach, which he did
anyway and the Spruce was was at once confiscated!
The Spruce
Goose splashes down at the end of its first and only flight.
Despite
suffering four plane crashes while testing his own aircraft
during his career, Hughes ironically died as a passenger on
a jet plane on April 5, 1976, while en route to receive
medical treatment after years of self-neglect. Although
Hughes set several air speed and distance records in his
early years, those accomplishments were overshadowed in his
later years by his poor business decisions, his attempts to
manipulate the military aircraft market, and his personal
eccentricities and reclusiveness. Still, in spite of some of
his unscrupulous actions late in life and his eccentric and
reclusive personality, he was in many ways a romantic at
heart, and his aviation career, at least in the beginning,
reflected his great love of the sky.
He probably
suffered from Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) and by the time he was old was a prisoner of
obsessive compulsive disorder, a well known co-morbidity of
ADHD. |